Marks Teaching Mathematics in Secondary Schools EDSS 444
	NCTM'S MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM STANDARDS FOR GRADES P-12
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	MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM STANDARDS: PRE-K TO 12 taken from Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM, 2000)   Number and Operations Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems; • understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another; • compute fluently and make reasonable estimates. Algebra Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • understand patterns, relations, and functions; • represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols; • use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships; • analyze change in various contexts. Geometry Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • analyze characteristics and properties of two-and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships; • specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems; • apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations; • use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. Measurement Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, sytems, and processes of measurement; • apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements. Data Analysis and Probability Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them; • select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data; • develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data; • understand and apply basic concepts of probability. Problem Solving Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving; • solve problems that arise in mathematics and other contexts; • apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems; • monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving. Reasoning and Proof Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics; • make and investigate mathematical conjectures; • develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs; • select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof. Communication Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication; • communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others; • analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others; • use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. Connections Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas; • understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole; • recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics. Representation Standard Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to: • create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas; • select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems; • use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena.
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