Sonoma State University - Rohnert Park, California
Psychology MA in Organization Development

Future OD Practices and Practitioner Competencies;
Outcomes of a Delphi Conference
Moderated by Saul Eisen

Delphi Home

Phase 1. Emerging Trends

Phase 2. Challenges and Opportunities

Sonoma State OD Program

Phase 3. Intervention Strategies

Phase 4. Future Competencies

Phase 4 considers possible implications for professional development in OD — what new or emerging competencies will be needed to implement new intervention strategies effectively?

Using a Delphi process, we have reflected on global trends and the challenges and opportunities they may create for organizations and their managers. We then considered intervention strategies that will be required to respond effectively to these challenges and opportunities. We conclude that organization developers will especially need the following competencies to implement these emerging intervention strategies and practice effectively in the first decade of the 21st century.

The following list shows items that were prioritized by the Delphi panel. There are 35 discrete competency statements, clustered into 12 themes.


Phase 4. Top Emerging Competencies



1. Parallel interventions in complex human systems

  • Knowledge and skills required to design and lead complex interventions, using multiple parallel techniques that work with individuals, teams, large-group stakeholder conferences, trans-organizational and trans-domain events, in fast-cycle sustained coherent change, and based on action, reflection, and learning at each of these levels.

  • Ability to design and implement individual and organizational interventions that build capacity to think, make decisions, and take action systemically, i.e. see the big picture; build in effective feedback loops; recognize or anticipate and adjust for unintended, delayed and counterintuitive long-term consequences.

  • Knowledge of societies, communities, and social system dynamics. The ability to convey the essence of "community" as a motivational concept. Deep understanding of the concept of "The Tragedy of the Commons" and how that is affected by factors such as mental models, structure, technology and globalization.

  • Ability to support effective decision-making: for individuals, groups, teams, organizations, inter-organizations, and communities. Skills for rapid time-to-value decision-making models, and methods.

  • Strong program/project management methodology skills to manage complex business change initiatives that require firm attention to scope, cost, quality, and risk.


2. Global, trans-domain and larger system work

  • Ability to work ethically and courageously with inter-organization issues to create wider inclusive boundaries among stakeholders.

  • Skill in bridge-building and alliance management, including developing trust across a wide range of diverse constituents.

  • Awareness and skill related to working with the "larger" system, including contracting with the right person for the right scope of work.

  • Expanded knowledge of systems thinking to include a global perspective, how to build strategic alliances and use large group methods when appropriate.


3. Culture work

  • Deep understanding of culture: how it influences behavior, how it can be changed and developed, and the connection between culture and performance.

  • Understanding of culture as the core deep-structure organizing principle underlying all aspects of organizations--including hierarchies, reward systems, competitive strategies, technologies, work flow structures, and shared belief systems.

  • Ability to adapt to each unique cultural situation in applying our knowledge, skills, and strategies.

  • Ability to join organization participants in any change process as an intentional, evolving, collaborative reconstruction of shared ways of understanding and embodying meaning in their ways of working and being together.


4. Self-as-instrument, continuous learning and innovation

  • Effective continuous learning as needed to respond appropriately to emerging complex social needs and organizational dilemmas.

  • Commitment and skill for continuously reflecting on one's personal role as instrument of the work, and doing one's personal and professional homework as needed in order to be fully available for the job of catalyzing wisdom in organizations and communities.

  • Ability to quickly scan a situation and produce innovative interventions that deal with that particular set of system dynamics.

  • Skill in the use of action research to learn on the fly, and not just reapply techniques from another era.


5. Use of technology and virtual interventions

  • Proficiency in using virtual, on-line approaches or a blended on-line/on-site approach to address business challenges of geographically dispersed organizations through such means as conference calls, web-sites, and collaborative planning tools.

  • Knowledge of, and ability to use, practical and scalable (i.e. for any-sized groups) tools and systems that facilitate systemic thinking and action, and efficient communication and collaboration.

  • Cutting-edge knowledge and application ability regarding computer-based information management and communication facilitation; and, the ability to stay current with continuously and rapidly evolving technologies and best practices in those areas.


6. Coaching for whole-systems leadership

  • Coaching skills to work with top-level managers in reformulating their management philosophies and styles.

  • Ability to help leaders be congruent with emerging organizational forms that are self-organizing, and in which most operational processes and change are self-managed at the periphery rather than at the core.

  • Skills for developing transformational leaders who are capable of championing change, and transforming organizations.


7. Dialogic reflection and action

  • Ability to use and promote reflection, dialogue and exploration to understand issues, differences, values paradoxes and not rush to find a single problem solution.

  • Ability to facilitate conversations to create meaning and action--not only understanding.


8. Accelerated methods and large group work

  • Skills in facilitating collaboration, decision-making, problem-solving, planning for the future, networking, teamwork and team building all with new methods that are faster and more effective; ability to train others throughout the organization to use these skills.

  • Deep knowledge and skill in the design, management and facilitation of large group interventions.


9. Purpose and strategic assessment

  • Ability to identify and measure both strategic and tactical metrics to assess whether objectives are met.

  • Knowledge and skills to design and build measurement into contracts, and to build client appreciation and funding for this part of the work.


10. Multidisciplinarity

  • Multidisciplinary skills from areas such as future studies, economic analysis, public policy formulation, and systems thinking

  • Awareness and acumen in business and finance, in addition to process skills.


11. Knowledge management

  • Understanding of the challenges of managing knowledge in an information-rich, fast-changing organizational environment.

  • Knowledge, skills and social technologies for designing and implementing effective methods for generating and disseminating valid relevant knowledge in organizations.


12. Appreciative integral change

  • Knowledge of the psychosocial dynamics of change, so as to awaken and build on people's natural disposition toward development; minimizing resistance by working on the positive side of the process.

  • Skills in building high performance organizations that are also a great place to work, and in articulating how this results in a win/win situation for the organization, the organization members, and customers; how a focus on both performance and people leads to competitive advantage.

This site is copyrighted © 2002 by Saul Eisen, Ph.D. Permission is granted to use this material for educational purposes, as long as it is not substantially changed, and attribution to the source and authors is included.

Delphi Home

Phase 1. Emerging Trends

Phase 2. Challenges and Opportunities

Sonoma State OD Program

Phase 3. Intervention Strategies

Phase 4. Future Competencies