. What year witnessed the beginning of
biotechnology? First company: Genetech 1976 [Cohen &
Boyer] First products: Somatostatin & insulin1978 First product manufactured by biotech company: Human
growth hormone 1985 First recombinant DNA (by humans): 1972 [Cohen
& Boyer] First restriction enzyme isolated: 1970 [Hamilton
Smith] Genetic code deciphered: 1966 Relationship of gene and protein proven: 1930's
[Beadle & Tatum] What year witnessed the beginning of regulation of
biotechnology? [1] First approved guidelines: 1976 First breach of rules admitted by insulin gene
researchers: 1977 Milestones in gene therapy Other vectors: adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses
[AAV], herpesviruses Other delivery sytems: liposomes of various types,
naked DNA via GeneGun Risks of gene therapy Issues: Choice of gene delivery system Longevity of therapy- temporary or a cure? Conflicts of interest References: 1. D.S. Fredrickson, 1979. A history of the recombinant
DNA guidelines in the United States. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/FF/B/B/K/C/_/ffbbkc.pdf .
See Boylan & Brown, Ch. 3.Depends on the focus of biotechnology-
First published concern about recombinant DNA:
1973
First human gene therapeutically transferred
using retrovirus vector 1990
First death associated with gene therapy 1999
Healthy patients vs. critically ill patients
in studies
Updated 2/17/03 by thatcher@sonoma.edu