Tim Roe owns a small trucking firm that specializes in local and metropolitan area
deliveries in a large city in the United States. All employment activities are handled 
by Roe who has always hired employees on the basis of three qualifications:

1. They must have a high school diploma. 
2. They must pass a short paper-and-pencil test which is
   given to all applicants. 
3. They must have a valid driver's license if applying for 
   the position of driver.

     The short test was devised by Roe from sample questions found on a General
Education Degree (GED) Equivalency Test. The test consists of 33 vocabulary and
mathematical questions, each worth 3 points. Anyone scoring below 70 is 
automatically rejected.
     Last month two drivers quit, so Roe advertised in the local paper for two new 
drivers.  Ten people applied for the openings, but Roe rejected four applicants 
because they were not high school graduates. Three others were rejected because 
of test scores below 70.  The two white males who were hired scored the highest
on the test, had high school degrees, and also had valid driver's licenses.  This 
week Roe was notified that two equal employment complaints had been filed 
against him and his firm. One complainant, a woman, alleges that the test does 
not measure a person's ability to drive and is not a valid predictor of job success. 
The other complainant, a minority man, alleges that the high school diploma  
requirement is not related to ability to do the job and unfairly discriminates  
against minorities. Roe is trying to decide how to respond to these complaints.

Questions
1. Identify and discuss problems with the validity of Roe's 
   tests? 
2. What changes would you recommend he make?