Ruddiman Chapter 9, INSOLATION CONTROL OF ICE SHEETS

Ice Sheet extent at 20,000 years ago, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

Ice Sheet Models -- Two-dimensional models along meridian

Insolation Changes Displace Equilibrium Line

Ice Elevation Feedback

Ice Volume lags insolation

Ice Volume lags insolation minima/maxima, tilt and precession

Bedrock response to ice build-up

Bedrock response to ice building up, rates of depression over time

Bedrock feedbacks to ice sheet growth and decay

Cycle of Ice Sheet Growth and Decay over time

Delta O-18 evidence of ice sheet evolution

Evidence from delta O-18, the Wisconsinan Glaciation, past 150,000 years. Pentultimate (previous)
Interglacial is called the Eemian in Europe, the Sangamon in the U.S.