Endnotes
1. Flying Roll no.
XVI "The History of the Rosicrucian Order" states "Know then,
O Aspirant, that the Order of the Rose and Cross hath existed from time
immemorial and that its mystic rites were practised and its hidden knowledge
communicated in the initiations of the various races of Antiquity. Egypt,
Eleusis, Samothrace, Persia, Chaldea and India alike cherished these mysteries,
and thus handed down to posterity the Secret Wisdom of the Ancient Ages.
. ." Flying Rolls were semi-official internal documents of the Order
of an instructional and theoretical nature. see King, Frances. Ritual
Magic of the Golden Dawn. Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1987 & 1997,
p. 105. See also Ramacharaka. The Kybalion: a study of the Hermetic philosophy
of ancient Egypt and Greece. Chicago:"The Yogi Publication Society.
2. see "Occultism"
in The Encyclopedia of Religion, Mircea Elidae, ed.
3. I am using Betz,
Hans Deiter. The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation including the Demotic
spells. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Papyri Graecae Magicae
refers to the original title of the Preisendanz edition.
4. see Betz, Introduction
to the PGM, p. xlii.
5. Ibid, p xli.
6. PGM I, 140,
195.
7. Betz, p. xliii.
8. Betz, p. 332
9. Pinch, p. 6.
10. In hieroglyphics,
the word for magician uses the symbol for a god as the determinative. Personal
communication with Dr. W. Poe, 11/24/97.
11. Brier, p. 125
12. Pinch, p. 23
and Kotansky, Roy. "Incantations and Prayers for Salvation on Inscribed
Greek Amulets." in Faraone & Obbink, eds. Magika Hiera.
13. Faulkner, p.1,
4 and 6.
14. Fowden, p.
26.
15. Pinch p. 7.
16. Eliade, p.
89.
17. Personal communication
with Dr. W. Poe, 11/24/97.
18. Barb, p. 155
19. Ibid
20. Fowden, p.
118.
21. see "MAGIC:
Magic in Greco-Roman Antiquity" in The Encyclopedia of Religion.
22. Ibid.
23. see Corrigan,
K. "Body and Soul in Ancient Religious Experience" in Armstrong,
A.H. ed. Classical Mediterranean Spirituality.
24. Willoughby
25. Kingsley, p.
233-38.
26. Pinch, P. 72.
For another perspective on this problem, I asked subscribers to ARCANA,
a listserv devoted to the scholarly study of the occult if they know of
any examples of self-identification with deity in Western magical practice
outside of theurgy. Aleister Crowley's works and the writings of the Golden
Dawn were mentioned several times. One writer specifically wrote: "In
all their initiatiory rituals, the officers [of the Golden Dawn] took on
the forms and powers of various Egyptian gods and directed that force at
the initiate" (Benjamin Rowe, Oct 6, 1997 email correspondence, see
also http://w3.one.net/~browe) He also suggested that John Dee's Enochian
magic included self-identification with deity implicitly in it's "Angelic
Calls". The significance of Dee's use of this particular magical practice
is beyond the scope of this paper. However, it is fascinating that the Golden
Dawn associated Egyptian magical practice with divine self-identification.
Exactly how this association was made is also not our topic, but it apparently
did not come through the Greek magical tradition.
27. Kotansky, p.
111.
28. Kingsley, p.
230
29. see Fox, Patricia.
"In Praise of Nonsense" in Armstrong, A.H. Classical Mediterranean
Spirituality.
30. Meyer &
Smith, p. 239.
31. Ibid, p. 234
and PGM I, 15-20.
32. Lewy, p. 227-257.
33. see Fowden,
chapter 1.
34. Lewy, p. 240.
35. Fowden, p.
30.
36. Pinch, p. 23.
37. Betz, p. xliii