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 Unit Three

Managing Change

10% - Weeks 5 and 6

(24-30 Sep, & 1-7 Oct)

There are three Assignments in Unit Three. All must be completed and posted by midnight, Sunday, of Week 6 of the course.

Use the forum in WebCT for Questions for Instructor on Unit 3 to ask me questions about anything in Unit 3.

Use the forum for Student Resources to post URLs to links of interest to the entire class.

Post suggestions about the way the course works in the Suggestion Box.

Use the Student Lounge to talk about whatever you like; it isn't course-related.

The Changing Face of Nursing

(The following notes were authored by Prof. Carol Smith, PhD, RN, University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Nursing. They are used her with her permission.)

A demanding job description has always been part of our work in nursing.

Many nurses have been personally affected by recent changes in the environment of health care. We seem to have fewer and fewer resources to care for patients and families with increasing severity of need.

Biotechnology is expanding so rapidly that we have experienced dramatic changes in clinical treatments and the disappearance of whole groups of in-patients to a variety of ambulatory services. We are a part of a national health care system believed by the public to be inefficient, overly expensive and unavailable to many Americans.

When any environment changes so rapidly, it is difficult to feel secure in our work. It is difficult to feel confident that our knowledge base will be sufficient to meet the demands for new and better approaches to patient care. When we are busy and stressed by the environment that surrounds us, it is a personal challenge to be "caring" - the very essence of what nursing is all about and what our patients and families need the most.

Despite the difficulties inherent in the rapid race of change, we must work together. There are five imperatives for nursing's future:

1. Nurses must be a strong voice in national and state health legislation. Nurses have long supported efforts to create a health care system that delivers affordable, quality care services to all people in need. While future health legislation is expected to be complex, no matter what specific initiatives are enacted, nurses can help support a restructured system that enhances consumer access to cost-effective primary health care in community-based settings.

2. Nurses must be accountable for clinical outcomes along with physicians and other care givers. Throughout clinical research and program evaluation, we can show evidence of nursing's contribution to the health and well-being of our patients. Through planning and careful monitoring, we can make improvements in the quality of nursing services we provide. Nurses must be able to identify the most cost-effective ways to deliver care. In doing so, we can help shape a system that benefits public health and maximizes our health care dollars.

3. Nurses must design new systems for care delivery that ensure access for all to quality, cost-effective health care services. The care continuum is changing. Nurses see changes in the needs of patients and families that suggest the need for redesign of our care modalities. Patient-centered care places patients' needs before care giver convenience. Alternative care settings, new technologies, creative models of care delivery and collaborative work teams that can demonstrate their effectiveness are the hallmarks of successful transition to the future.

4. Nursing education must be designed to meet the changing needs. Traditional teaching methods will need to be replaced with non-traditional clinical practice sites and interactive information exchange and learning technologies. Increasing numbers of advanced practice nurses will need graduate education. Support must be provided for APN (Advanced Practice Nurse) roles in a variety of primary care, case management and mental health services in a continuum of care giver services. Nurses must be leaders in collaborative efforts with physicians and others in creating systems to meet the needs for universal access to health care for a diverse, multi-cultural population. Practicing nurses must recognize their influence on students and faculty and their obligation to help share nursing education. We must encourage the efforts of new graduates to practice nursing differently and to develop different care systems.

5. Nurses must participate in world health initiatives. Nurses can support world-wide efforts to improve the health of publics in need. We can learn from the experiences of other nurses and health care systems. Many of us are directly involved with health caring activities in foreign countries. All of us can applaud these efforts, opening our hearts and minds to new ideas generated by diversity among nurses. We must ensure our place in the continuum of health care services by taking actions to address these imperatives for the future of nursing. We have very little time to mourn the loss of the health care system of the past. Nurses must take action now to seize the opportunities of our future.

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Assignment 3A: Nursing in the 21st Century

Step One (Wk 5):

Read:

Armed with your baccalaureate degree, you will be expected to take a leadership role in effecting change wherever you are. You may well be perceived as a radical by those who want to maintain the status quo.

What are your rules for taking a leadership role in making change happen in your professional environment?

What are YOUR "Rules for Radicals"?

For example, here are mine:

1. You can't make a difference without doing things differently.

That means applying pressure to move faster, more efficiently, more effectively. But someone's toes are going to feel the pinch. If someone's not complaining about the way we're doing things, we're not doing our job!

2. Think fast -- then act fast.

One of the toughest adjustments for people from the old way of doing things is to keep up with the pace of the new way. "Don't just walk the talk; RUN the talk!" We used to think that the half life of knowledge is 5 years. Now it's 5 months.

3. Fight for change, but pick your battles wisely.

Change agents always meet resistance. The tough question to answer: Which forms of resistance deserve attention? "If the brightness on your screen is always at full intensity, you can't tell what's highlighted."

4. Never compromise the truth -- but modify your style.

There's more than one way to tell it like it is. "Sometimes you break glass; sometimes you bend it; sometimes you leave it the way it is and look through it."

Assignment:

Use the forum for Assignment 3A (Nursing 21st Century) to post four of your own "rules for radicals" to guide the process of change in your nursing environment. For each rule, write a short, pithy explanation.

Read each other's rules and discuss. Raise questions; ask for clarification; probe; make suggestions. See if you can add rules to the lists of others.

Step Two (Wk 6):

Read each other's rules and discuss in Assignment 3A (Nursing 21st Century). Raise questions; ask for clarification; probe; make suggestions. See if you can add rules to the lists of others.

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Assignment 3B: Managing Complex Change

Step One (Wk 5):

The single most important thing a nursing student in today's world can learn is how to manage complex change. You can be expertly adept at managing all the latest whiz-bang gadgetry in a critical care unit, but if you can't handle the stress of change, or don't know how to manage change in your life and in the environment, you won't be a good nurse.

In the chart below, the top row of elements are the critical elements required to manage complex change. Read across each row of elements to see how a lack of one critical element results in confusion, anxiety, and treadmill repetitiveness.

Your assignment is to write a one-to-four paragraph essay that describes a real-life situation that you've experienced regarding change when one of the critical elements was missing. What problems occurred in that situation? Were the problems resolved, and if so, how? Post your essay in the forum for Assignment 3B (Complex Change).

Step Two (Wk 6):

Read each other's essays in Assignment 3B (Complex Change). Comment as the spirit moves you.

Vision

+

Skills

+

Incentives

+

Resources

+

Action Plan

=

Change

Skills

+

Incentives

+

Resources

+

Action Plan

=

Confusion

Vision

+

Incentives

+

Resources

+

Action Plan

=

Anxiety

Vision

+

Skills

+

Resources

+

Action Plan

=

Resistance

Vision

+

Skills

+

Incentives

+

Action Plan

=

Frustration

Vision

+

Skills

+

Incentives

+

Resources

=

Treadmill

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Assignment 3C: Developing Skills for Managed Care

Step One (Wk 5):

Assess your own skill levels by reading and considering the "Skills for Clinicians in Today's Managed Care Marketplace" (below).

After considering your own skills in light of the list of skills below, imagine yourself starting a new job in a managed care setting. Put yourself in the shoes of the manager of this clinic who will need to orient you. Devise a detailed plan that this manager should use to orient you to your new position. Don't forget to think about things like how you're going to need to learn about the vision, mission and direction of the organization; its philosophy of service; the goals of the department, team, unit; expectations for you; methods of skills assessment and programs for competency; unit policies; and anything else you think should be included.

Post your plan in the forum for Assignment 3C (Managed Care)..

Step Two (Wk 6):

Read each other's plans and discuss in Assignment 3C (Managed Care) by raising questions, asking for clarification, making suggestions, offering alternatives, etc.

Skills for Clinicians in Today's Managed Care Marketplace

  • Teaching Effectiveness
    • How many teaching sessions on average do you need to discharge patient into family care?
    • How adherent are your patients? Do they maintain…
    • Give an example of a clinical situation in which you used innovative teaching skills.
    • Describe a situation in which you delegated to other staff to ensure learning took place.
    • What are some of the criteria you would use to to determine that a patient may be able to transition to home?
  • Skill competency
    • How many technical skills have you successfully kept current with?
    • How long, on average, do your intravenous needle insertions last without complications?
    • What is your percent of success in low variances from critical paths?
    • What is the adherence to teaching plan rate with patients you care for?
  • Documentation- Charting in medical records
    • Do you complete documentation or charting as your nursing care occurs?
    • How much time, on average, do you spend on documentation per visit?
    • Chart about a situation in which you showed particular skill in managing complex care.
  • Interpersonal Skills
    • Describe a situation in which you effectively worked with a physician to change a prescription.
    • Describe a situation in which you worked with other members of the health care team to reach a clinical goal.
    • Describe a situation in which you demonstrated communication effectiveness with other members of a health care team.
    • Give an example of how you effectively deal with physicians to obtain new pharmacy orders.
    • Describe a situation in which you worked effectively with other members of the health care team to address an organization wide problem (problems whereby errors, over expense, delays…
  • Organizational Efficiency
    • How do you communicate your agency's values and mission to patients and their families?
    • How have you promoted efficiency in clinical scheduling?
    • What innovative solutions have you introduced or do you use to prevent waste of time, materials, or team work?
    • How do you insure that charting is current and reflects the schedule of care ?
  • Care Competencies
    • What is the incidence of adverse blood drug reactions for the patients that you monitor?
    • How do you assist pharmacists/physicians to choose the most appropriate and cost effective drug?
    • How do you insure that patient drug levels are appropriately monitored?
    • Describe a situation in which you discovered a drug incompatibility.
  • Flexibility
    • Are you competent to teach oral therapeutic diets, enteral formulas, and knowledge and skills for parenteral nutrition?
    • Can you assess and counsel adults and children using complex equipment?
    • Do you have skills in both high technology care and traditional nursing and in home care?

Modified from: Vail, Carolyn (January, 1996) Professional Development in Managed Care, ERA Symposium, Washington, DC. ASPEN

Assignment 3D: Midsemester Self Evaluation of Progress in the Course

Click here to go to self-evaluation.

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