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Computing 1:

Exercise

Computing 2: Protein Models

Summary questions

Computing 3: Bioinformatics Searching

 

Computer Exercise 1: Introduction to Immunology

Cool Web Sites

Discussion Section 1: 8/31
Discussion Section 2: 9/2

Objectives:

1. Become familiar with on-line resources helpful in learning immunology.

  • Be able to comfortably navigate on the Web.
  • Become familiar with the class web site.
  • Be able to use search engines efficiently.
  • Identify and use support sites relating to immunology.
  • Be able to evaluate source and quality of information obtained.

2. Learn to use a log as an organizational resource and tool.

  • Keep track of bookmarked sites.
  • Annotate sites and resources; collect information; note location of downloaded files.
  • Use as resource for homework assignments and papers, including but not limited to content and references.

Introduction:

The exercises are not platform specific- you may use either Mac or PC. You may choose to use either Netscape or Explorer as the browser. Please note; however, that you'll want to use Netscape when using specific plug-ins for viewing molecular models. This introduction is geared [or tries to be] both to those with little experience using the Internet and web browsers, and to those with a significant amount of experience.

If instructions seem to move along too fast, ask for help from other students and from me. If instructions seem too detailed, and you just want to get on with it, please do.

If using the IMac labs, you will need a 100 MB zip disk to save your work. You also may print your work to the printer in the lab you are working. You need to supply your own paper.

It is strongly suggested that you keep a log of your sessions on-line. Although you may bookmark sites while using a lab computer, the bookmarks are removed daily. Even if you are using your own computer, try using a log anyway. You can add comments, store specific database sources, and copy/paste whole pages of information for future use. A current version of Word is quite useful for a log, because URLs [Web addresses] can be turned into active link sites. In other words, you can carry your bookmarks with you, without having to retype them. [For more on logs, go to Keeping a log.]

There are summary questions at the end of this section. Read them through before you start browsing. You can answer them as you go, or answer them after browsing the following sites. Points = 10. Due next week [9/7 or 9/9].

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Exercise:

1. Log on and open Netscape. The following web sites are to get you started. Briefly explore each one, noting what they have to offer locally and what links to other sites are available. When using you own computer or one to which you have regular access, I strongly recommend that you bookmark the sites you like. [Bookmarks are regularly removed from school computers, but they are still handy during a single session, so give them a try.]

  • Although you are using the Janeway book, it is useful to hunt for other resources online. A companion site for your book is under construction. But don't let that stop you. Check out the interactive extensions of Kuby Immunology, including flash cards, animations, molecular model introductions, and links to other sites:

    [Note: As shorthand, if a URL is given as simply "www.name.com" or just "name.com", assume that everything starts with "http://www.". There are some exceptions, but they will be obvious. URLs are context and case sensitive, meaning they have to be entered exactly right, including upper & lower case as shown, slashes, dots, underlines, etc. If something doesn't work, first check carefully, then try variations. In some cases, extensions such as ".html" are important; in other cases, they are not.]

  • Explore some models of immune system proteins: 

    Don't worry too much about details as yet. Just knowing where these are will be helpful in the not too distant future. In fact, you'll be playing with computer molecular modeling in the next lab exercise.
     

  • For a view of a variety of cells, including lymphocytes: 

    See if you can find a cytotoxic T cell killing a tumor cell. It is a short movie loop, well worth viewing. Also check out the "Making antibodies" for a real cool picture and some explanatory diagrams.

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2. Some sites are simply collections of other sites, but they are quite useful. A single bookmark can lead to many hallways and many doors. You'll probably want to revisit these link sites a few times in order to get a real feel of what all they have to offer.

  • Try this link site. It has lots of great destinations: 

    A useful strategy to try at this point is using multiple windows. Go to file, and open a new browser window. Copy/paste the URL to the new window. Now you can explore some links in one, while you have one as an easy home-base. You can also have one loading while you explore the contents of another. With time, you'll find lots of uses for multiple windows. 

  • A long standing database and search links of interest to immunologists: 

3. A site which you will be visiting often, starting in the next assignment, is at the National Center of Biotechnology Information [NCBI]. 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 

Take a peek now if you have never heard of it. It allows easy access to PubMed, along with a variety of other databases of importance to molecular biologists, taxonomists, and geneticists. PubMed is an easy place to start. This is the on-line link to Medline, and it is fully searchable for information on published literature. You can search the literature for nearly any immunologically related topic. Developing "search smarts" now will serve you well as you move into journal presentations and the Great Paper Chase. Have fun- play!!!

4. Last but not least, take a look at some general browser search engines, such as Dogpile, Yahoo, and Google [among many others]. Sometimes you don't quite know where to start; or you thought you did, but came up empty. The search engines can be very useful, if you know how to use them efficiently. Different search engines will give different results.

  • Try out a broad term, such as "immunology" or "immune", on three different browser search engines. You can pick them from a list, by clicking on "Search" or type in their URLs. I like Yahoo [www.yahoo.com] and Google [www.google.com], because they happen to work well in the science fields, whereas some of the others tend to have more depth in other areas. Dogpile [www.dogpile.com] can search other search engines as a group, therefore can be extremely useful when hunting for hard-to-find items. See what you get on your search in terms of how many hits, and how relevant the top picks are to what you wanted.

  • Try a short string of words or a phrase, such as "human immunoglobulin G" or "cytotoxic T lymphocyte". Try inserting Boolean operators ["and", "or", "not"] between the words to see what effect they have on your search results. Not all search engines work the same way. Some require specific syntax in word strings. Check out their "Help" information on advanced searching. This familiarity will prove useful later on.
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Summary Questions:

Try to limit your answers to one or two typed pages [12 pt font]. [You need not retype the questions as part of your responses.] 

1. What aspect of the Kuby Immunology book site do you think will be quite useful to you during this course? 

2. What do you feel is the value of seeing interactive molecular models? 

3. How were you able to determine that the tumor cell was dying when attacked by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte? [at "cellsalive.com"] 

4. Give the URLs of two sites you liked which you found by exploring the link sites given in #2 above. Briefly state why you thought they were interesting or how you think they may be of interest to others in class. [I'll summarize these and post them on the "Links" page.] 

5. State whether you have visited NCBI before. If you are already familiar with NCBI, in what areas have you had the most experience? In what areas would you like to gain more experience? If you are unfamiliar with NCBI, what area(s) did you explore? Briefly summarize what you liked and what you didn't understand. 

6. Briefly summarize the results of testing three browser search engines on a general term and on a word string, with and without Boolean operators. Include which search engines you used, which terms you used, the number of hits and their relevance.

7. When doing a general search, what cues and/or methods can you use to evaluate the quality of site or information obtained? [In other words, how do you distinguish between real science and pseudoscience?]

 

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 Updated 8/27/04 by thatcher@sonoma.edu