This collection of ten essays transforms our understanding of both the role of philosophical anthropology in modern world philosophy and the origins of tribal knowledge in their relation to contemporary assessments of cognition and consciousness. Ethnographic data from geographically distant cultures  such as the Maori of new Zealand, the Fore of New Guinea, the Sea Nomads of the Andaman, the Cowlitz of North America, the Maya, Australian Aborigines, Siberian Shamans  are carefully crafted toward an empirical basis for discussing a variety of phenomena traditionally labeled in Western thought as transcendent or metaphysical. This anthology is a valuable source of information relevant for any theories of knowledge and a solid challenge for reductionist models of consciousness. The essays enhance our recognition and appreciation of fundamental similarities as well as differences in world views and cultural perspectives related to knowledge claims. 

Contributors include: 

Hoyt L. Edge, Roberte N. Hamayon, Åke Hultkrantz, Michael Ripinsky-Naxon, R. Mere Roberts, Nina Rosenstand, Rudolph C. Rÿser, E Richard Sorenson, Robert M. Torrance, Helmut Wautischer, Peter R. Wills.

25 illustrations, indexed, and with a foreword by Douglass Price-Williams. 

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