PUBLICATIONS
J.G. Soñanez-Organis, J.P. Vázquez-Medina,
D.E. Crocker and R.M. Ortiz. Prolonged fasting activates hypoxia inducible
factor -1α, -2α and -3α in a tissue-specific manner in northern elephant seal
pups. Gene (in press).
M. Suzuki, J.P. Vázquez-Medina, J.A Viscarra, J.G. Soñanez- Organis, D.E.
Crocker, and R.M. Ortiz. Activation of systemic, but not local, renin-angiotensin system is associated with up-regulation
of TNF-α during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups. Journal of Experimental Biology (in press).
Tift, M.S. E.L. Ranalli, D.S. Houser, R.M. Ortiz, and D.E. Crocker.
Development enhances hypometabolism in northern
elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris).
Functional Ecology (in press).
Vàzquez-Medina, J.P., J.G. Soñanez-Organis, R.Rodriguez,
J.A. Viscarra, A. Nishiyama,
D.E. Crocker, and R.M. Ortiz. Prolonged fasting activates Nrf2 in postweaned elephant seals. Journal
of Experimental Biology (in press).
Champagne,
C.D., S.M Boaz, M.A Fowler, D.S. Houser, D.P. Costa. and D.E Crocker. 2013. A
profile of carbohydrate metabolites in the fasting northern elephant seal.
Journal of Comparative Physiology D. 8:141-151.
Currylow, A.F., M.S. Tift, J.L. Meyer, D.E. Crocker, and R.N. Williams. 2013. Seasonal variations in
plasma vitellogenin and sex steroids in male and
female eastern box turtles, Terrapene c. carolina. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 180:
48-55.
Houser, D.S.,
D.E. Crocker, M.S. Tift and C.D. Champagne. 2012. Glucose oxidation and
non-oxidative glucose disposal during prolonged fasts of the northern elephant
seal pup (Mirounga angustirostris).
American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
Physiology. 303: 562-570.
Champagne, C.D., D.S. Houser, M.A.
Fowler, D.P. Costa, and D.E. Crocker. 2012. Gluconeogenesis is associated with high rates of tricarboxylic acid
and pyruvate cycling in fasting northern elephant
seals. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
Physiology. 303:340-352.
E.J. Kelso, C.D. Champagne, M.S. Tift, D.S. Houser and D.E. Crocker.
2012. Sex differences in fuel use and metabolism during development in fasting
juvenile northern elephant seals. Journal of Experimental Biology. 215: 2637-2645.
Viscarra, J., J.P. Vázquez-Medina, R. Rodriguez,
C.D. Champagne, S.H. Adams, D.E. Crocker, and R.M. Ortiz. 2012. Decreased expression of adipose
CD36 and FATP1 are associated with increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal
of Experimental Biology. 215: 2455-2464.
Hückstädt, L.A., P.L. Koch, J.M. Burns, D.E. Crocker
and D.P. Costa. 2012. Being a specialist in a changing environment:
the diet of the crabeater seal along the western
Antarctica Peninsula. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 455: 287-301.
Champagne, C.D., D.E. Crocker, M.A. Fowler and D.S. Houser. 2012. Fasting
physiology of the pinnipeds: the challenges of
fasting while maintaining high energy expenditure and nutrient delivery for
lactation. In: The Comparative Physiology of Starvation, Fasting and Food
Limitation. (ed. M.D. McCue). Springer-Verlag,
Berlin. pp. 309-336.
Robinson, P.W., D.P. Costa, D.E. Crocker, J.P. Gallo-Reynoso,
C.D. Champagne, M.A. Fowler, C. Goetsch, K.T. Goetz,
J.L. Hassrick, L.A. Huckstadt,
C.E. Kuhn, J.L. Maresh, S.M. Maxwell, B.I. McDonald,
S.H. Peterson, S.E. Simmons, N.M. Teutschel, S.Villegas-Amtmann, K. Yoda. 2012. Foraging behavior and
success of a mesopelagic predator in the northeast
Pacific Ocean: insights from a data-rich species, the northern elephant
seal. PLoS One. 7(5): e36728.
Hückstädt, L.A., P.L. Koch, B.I. McDonald,,
M.E. Goebel, D.E. Crocker and D.P. Costa. 2012. Stable isotope analyses reveal
individual variability in the trophic ecology of a
top marine predator, the southern elephant seal. Oecologia.
169:395-406.
McDonald, B.I., M.E. Goebel, D.E.
Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 2012. Dynamic influence of maternal and pup traits on
maternal care during lactation in an income breeder, the Antarctic fur seal.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 85: 243-254.
Crocker,
D.E., R.M. Ortiz, D.S. Houser, P.M. Webb and D.P. Costa. 2012. Hormone
and metabolite changes associated with extended breeding fasts in male northern
elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology A. 161:388-394.
Lyons, E.T., T. Kuzmina, T.R. Spraker, N. Jaggi, D.P. Costa, D.E. Crocker, and M.S. Tift. 2012. Parasitological examination for presence of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at Año Nuevo State Reserve, California. Parasitology Research. 111:1847-1850
Houser,
D.S., L.C. Yeates, and D.E. Crocker. 2011.
Cold stress induces an adrenocortical response
in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal
of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine.
Vázquez-Medina,
J.P., T. Zenteno-Savín, M.S. Tift, H.J. Forman, D.E.
Crocker, and R.M. Ortiz. 2011. Apnea stimulates the adaptive response to
oxidative stress in elephant seal pups. Journal of Experimental Biology.
214: 4193-4200.
Habran, S., C. Debier,
D.E. Crocker, D.S. Houser, and K. Das. 2011. Blood dynamics of mercury and
selenium in northern elephant seals during the lactation period. Environmental
Pollution. 159:2523-2529.
Aoki,
K.Y., Y. Watanabe, D.E. Crocker, P.W. Robinson, M. Biuw,
D.P. Costa, N. Miyazaki, M.A. Fedak, and P.J.O.
Miller. 2011. Northern elephant seals adjust gliding and stroking patterns with
changes in buoyancy: validation of at-sea metrics of body density. Journal of
Experimental Biology. 214:2973-2987.
Tift,
M.S., D.S. Houser, D.E. Crocker. 2011. High-density lipoprotein remains
elevated despite reductions in total cholesterol in fasting adult male elephant
seals (Mirounga angustirostris).
Journal of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. 159:214-219.
Viscarra, J., C.D. Champagne, D.E. Crocker,
and R.M. Ortiz. 2011. 5-AMP-activated protein kinase activity is increased in adipose tissue of northern elephant seal pups during
prolonged fasting-induced insulin resistance. Journal of Endocrinology.
209:317-325.
Vázquez-Medina, J.P., T. Zenteno-Savin, H.J. Forman, D.E. Crocker and R.M. Ortiz.
2011. Prolonged fasting increases glutathione synthesis in post-weaned elephant
seals. Journal of Experimental Biology. 214:1294-1299.
Viscarra, J., J.P. Vazquez-Medina, D.E.
Crocker, and R.M. Ortiz. 2011. Glut4 is upregulated despite
decreased insulin signaling during prolonged fasting in northern elephant seal
pups. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative
Physiology. 300:R1501-R154.
Norris,
A.L., D.S. Houser, D.E. Crocker. 2010. Environment and activity affect skin
temperature in breeding adult male elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).
Journal of Experimental Biology. 213: 4205-4212.
Costa,
D.P. L. Huckstadt, D.E. Crocker, B.I. McDonald,
M.E. Goebel, M.A. Fedak. 2010. Approaches to
studying climatic change and its role in the habitat selection of
Antarctic pinnipeds. Integrative and Comparative
Biology. 50(6): 1018-1030.
Habran, S., C. Debier,
D.E. Crocker, D.S. Houser, G. Lepoint, J. Bouquegneau, Jean-Marie and K. Das. 2010. Assessment of the
gestation, lactation and fasting effects on stable isotope ratios in northern
elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).
Marine Mammal Science. 26(4):880-895.
Robinson,
P.W., S.E. Simmons, D.E. Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 2010. Measurements of
foraging success in a highly pelagic marine predator, the northern elephant
seal. Journal of Animal Ecology. 79(6):1146-1156.
M.A. Hindell, D.E. Crocker, Y. Mori, and P. Tyack. 2010.
Foraging behavior. In: Marine Mammal Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of
Techniques. (eds. I.L. Boyd, W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson). Oxford University
Press, London, pp. 243-262.
Vázquez-Medina, J.P., D.E. Crocker, H. J.
Forman, and R. M. Ortiz. 2010. Prolonged fasting does not increase oxidative
damage or inflammation in postweaned northern
elephant seal pups. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2524-2530.
Simmons,
S.E., D.E. Crocker, J.L. Hassrick, C.E. Kuhn,
P.W. Robinson, Y. Tremblay and D. P. Costa. 2010. Climate scale hydrographic
features related to foraging success in a capital breeder: the northern
elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris).
Endangered Species Research. 10:233-243.
Costa,
D.P, P.W. Robinson, J. P.Y. Arnould, A.
Harrison, S. E. Simmons, J. L. Hassrick, A.
Hoskins, S. Kirkman, H. Oosthuizen,
S. Villegas-Amtmann and D.E. Crocker. 2010.
Accuracy of ARGOS locations of pinnipeds at-sea
estimated using Fastloc GPS. PLoS ONE. 5(1):e8677 .
Hassrick, J.L., D.E. Crocker, N.M Teutschel, B.I. McDonald, P.W. Robinson, S.E. Simmons and
D.P. Costa. 2010. Condition and mass impact oxygen stores and dive duration in
female northern elephant seals. Journal of Experimental Biology. 213:585-592.
McDonald
B.I., M.E. Goebel, D.E. Crocker, Y. Tremblay, D.P. Costa. 2009. Impacts of
maternal traits, environment, and individual behavior on foraging strategies
and provisioning of an income breeder, the Antarctic fur seal. Marine Ecology
Progress Series. 394: 277-276.
C.E.
Kuhn, D.E. Crocker, Y. Tremblay, and D. P. Costa. 2009. Measurements of feeding
behavior in a large marine predator, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris).
Journal of Animal Ecology . 78: 513-523
Crocker,
D.E. and D.P. Costa. Pinniped Physiology. 2008. Revised. Pp. 873-878.
In: The Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. New York.
Fowler,
M.A., C.D. Champagne, D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker. 2008. Hormonal regulation
of glucose clearance in lactating northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology.
211:2943-2949.
Houser,
D. S., D.E. Crocker, and J.J. Finneran. 2008.
Click-evoked potentials in a large marine mammal, the adult male northern
elephant seal (Miroungaangustirostris). Journal of
the Acoustical Society of America. 124(1): 44-47.
McDonald,
B.I., D.E. Crocker, J.M Burns, and D.P. Costa. 2008. Body condition as an index
of winter foraging success in crabeater seals
(Lobodon carcinophaga).
Deep Sea Research II. 55:515-522.
Zeno,
R.A., D.E. Crocker, J.S. Hassrick, S.A. Allen,
and D.P. Costa. 2008. Development of foraging behavior in juvenile northern
elephant seals. Journal of Zoology. 274: 180-187.
Houser,
D.S., C.D. Champagne, and D.E. Crocker. 2007. Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in simultaneously
fasting and lactating northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology:
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 293:R2376-R2381.
Crocker,
D.E., N. Kofahl, G.D. Fellers, N.B.Gates and D.S. Houser. 2007. High rates of energy
expenditure and water flux in free ranging Pt. Reyes mountain beavers.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 80(6): 635-642.
Simmons,
S.E., D.E. Crocker, R.M. Kudela, and D.P. Costa.
2007. Linking foraging behaviour with
oceanography and bathymetry at mesoscales in
the northern elephant seal. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 346:265-275.
Debier, C., D.E. Crocker, D.S. Houser,
V. Xhonneux, J.P. Thome.
2007. Organochlorines and lactation :
mobilization and transfer to offspring in northern elephant seals. Organohalogen Compounds 69: 833-836
Biuw, M., L. Boehme, C. Guinet, M. Hindell, D.
Costa, J-B. Charrassin, F. Roquet, F. Bailleul, M.
Meredith, S. Thorpe, Y. Tremblay, B. McDonald, Y-H. Park, S.Rintoul,
N. Bindoff, M. Goebel, D. Crocker, P. Lovell, J.
Nicholson, F. Monks and M.Fedak. 2007.
Variations in behaviour and condition of a
Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in-situ oceanographic conditions.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104(34): 13705-13710.
Houser,
D.S., D.E. Crocker, C. Kastak, J. Mulsow, and J.J. Finneran.
2007. Auditory evoked potentials in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).
Aquatic Mammals. 33(1): 110-121.
Robinson,
P.W., Y. Tremblay, M. Antolos, D.E. Crocker,
C.E. Kuhn, S.A. Shaffer, S. E. Simmons, and D.P. Costa. 2007. A comparison of
ARGOS-tracking-based indirect measures of foraging behavior. Deep Sea Research
II. 54:356-368.
Hassrick, J.L., D. E. Crocker, R. L. Zeno,
S.B. Blackwell, D.P. Costa, and B. J. LeBoeuf.
2007. Swimming speed and foraging strategies of northern elephant seals. Deep
Sea Research II. 54:369-383.
Ortiz,
R.M., D.E. Crocker, D.S. Houser and P.M. Webb. 2006. Angiotensin II and Aldosterone increase with fasting in breeding
adult male northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 79(6):1106-1112.
Champagne,
C.D., D.S. Houser, D.E. Crocker. 2006. Glucose metabolism during lactation in a
fasting animal, the northern elephant seal. American Journal of Physiology:
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 291:R1129-R1137.
McDonald,
B.I. and D.E. Crocker. 2006. Physiology and behavior impact lactation
efficiency in northern elephant seals. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.
79(3):484-496.
Tremblay,
Y., S.A. Shaffer, S.L. Fowler, C.E. Kuhn, B.I. McDonald, M.J. Weise, C. Bost, H. Weimerskirch, D.E.
Crocker, M.E. Goebel, and D.P. Costa. 2006. Interpolation of animal tracking
data in a fluid environment. Journal of Experimental Biology. 209: 128-140.
Crocker,
D.E., D.P. Costa, B.J. Le Boeuf, P.M. Webb and D.S.
Houser. 2006. Impact of El Nino on the foraging behavior of female northern
elephant seals. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 309:1-10.
Kuhn,
C.E., B.I. McDonald, S.A. Shaffer, J. Barnes, D E. Crocker, J. Burns, D.P.
Costa. 2006. Diving physiology and winter foraging behavior of a juvenile
leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx).
Polar Biology. 29(4):303-307.
Thornton,
S.J., P.W. Hochachka, D.E. Crocker, D.P. Costa,
B.J. LeBoeuf, D.M. Spielman and
N.J. Pelc. 2005. Stroke volume and cardiac
output in juvenile elephant seals during forced dives. Journal of Experimental
Biology. 208: 3637-3643.
Le Boeuf, B.J. and D.E. Crocker. 2005. Ocean climate and
seal condition. BMC Biology. 3:9.
Champagne,
C.D. D.S. Houser and D.E. Crocker. 2005. Glucose production and substrate cycle
activity in a fasting adapted animal, the northern elephant seal. Journal of
Experimental Biology. 208:859-868.
Houser,
D.S., D.E. Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 2004. Ecology of Water Relations and
Thermoregulation. Nature Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. 10.1038:1-8.
Houser,
D.S. and D.E. Crocker. 2004. Age, sex, and reproductive state influence free
amino acid concentrations in the fasting elephant seal. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology. 77(5):838-846.
Burns,
J.M. D. P. Costa, M. A. Fedak, C. J. A.
Bradshaw, M. A. Hindell, N. Gales, G. McDonald,
S. J. Trumble, D. E. Crocker. 2004. Winter
habitat use and foraging behavior of crabeater seals
along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep-Sea Research II 51:2279-2303.
Noren, D.P, D. E. Crocker, T. M. Williams
and D. P. Costa. 2003. Energy reserve utilization in northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris)
pups during thepostweaning fast: size does
matter. Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 173:443-454.
Costa,
D.P., D.E. Crocker, J. Gedamke, P.M. Webb, D.S.
Houser, S.B. Blackwell, D. Waples, S.A. Hayes,
and B.J. Le Boeuf. 2002. The effect of a low
frequency sound source (ATOC) on the diving behavior of northern elephant
seals, Mirounga angustirostris.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 113(2):1155-1165.
Boehlert,
G.W, P. Green-Jessen, D.P. Costa. D.E. Crocker. T.
O'Brien, and S. Levitus. 2002. Marine animals as
oceanographic data collectors. Earth System Monitor. 12(4): 1-4.
Crocker.D.E., J.D. Williams, D.P. Costa, and B.J.
Le Boeuf. 2001. Maternal traits and reproductive
effort in northern elephant seals. Ecology. 82(12):3451-3555.
Boehlert,
G.W., D. P. Costa, D. E. Crocker, P. Green, T. O'Brien, S. Levitus, and B. J. Le Boeuf.
2001. Autonomous Pinniped Environmental Samplers; Using Instrumented
Animals as Oceanographic Data Collectors. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic
Technology. 18 (11): 1882-1893.
Crocker,
D.E. and D.P. Costa. Pinniped Physiology. 2001. Pp. 926-931. In: The
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. New York.
Thornton,
S.J., D.M. Speilman, N.J. Pelc, W.F. Block, D.E. Crocker, D.P. Costa, B.J. Le Boeuf, and P.W. Hochachka.
2001. Effects of forced diving on the spleen and hepatic sinus in northern
elephant seals pups. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98(16):9413-9418.
Crocker,
D.E., N.J. Gales, D.P. Costa. 2001. Swimming speed and foraging strategies of
New Zealand sea lions. Journal of Zoology, London. 254:267-277.
Houser,
D. S., D.E. Crocker, P.M. Webb, and D.P. Costa. 2001. Renal function in
suckling and fasting pups of the northern elephant seal. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A.129:405-415.
Goebel,
M. E., D. P. Costa, D.E. Crocker, J.T. Sterling, and D.A. Demer. 2000. Foraging range and dive patterns in relation
to location of Antarctic fur seals, Cape Shirreff,
Livingston Island, Antarctica. Pages 47-50 in Antarctic Ecosystem: Models for
Wider Ecological Understaning. Eds W. Davison, C. Howard-Williams & P. Brady
Caxton Press, New Zealand.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.E. Crocker, J. Grayson, J. Gedamke, S.B. Blackwell, P.M. Webb, and D.P. Costa. 2000.
Surface breathing rate and heart rate in free-ranging elephant seals. Journal
of Experimental Biology.203: 3265-3274.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.E. Crocker, D.P. Costa, S.B.
Blackwell, P.M. Webb, and D.S. Houser. 2000. Foraging ecology of northern
elephant seals. Ecological Monographs. 70(3): 353-382.
Costa,
D.P. and D.E. Crocker. 1999. Seals (Pinnipedia). In:
The Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Volume 4, ed. Knobil,
E. and Neill, J.D. Academic Press. New York. pp. 313-321.
Costa,
D.P. and D.E. Crocker. 1999. Whales and Porpoises (Cetacea).
In: The Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Volume 4, ed. Knobil,
E. and Neill, J.D. Academic Press. New York. pp. 1015 - 1020.
Crocker,
D.E., P.M. Webb, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1998.
Protein catabolism and renal function in lactating northern elephant seals.
Physiological Zoology. 71(5):485 - 491.
Webb,
P.M., D.E. Crocker , S.B. Blackwell, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1998. The effects of buoyancy on the diving behavior
of northern elephant seals. Journal of Experimental Biology. 201:2349 - 2358.
Costa,
D.P., N.J. Gales, and D.E. Crocker. 1998. Blood volume and diving ability of
the New Zealand Sea Lion, Phocarctos hookei.
Physiological Zoology 71:208 - 213.
Costa,
D.P., D.E. Crocker, D.M. Waples, P.M. Webb,
J. Gedamke, D. Houser, P.D. Goley, B.J. Le Boeuf, and
J. Calambokidis. 1998. The California Marine
Mammal Research Program of the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate
experiment: Potential effects of low frequency sound on distribution and
behavior of marine mammals. Taking a Look at California's Ocean Resources: An
Agenda for the Future, ASCE, Reston, VA (USA), 1998, vol. 2, pp. 1542-1553
Campagna, C., F. Quintana, B.J. Le Boeuf, S. Blackwell, and D.E. Crocker. 1998. Diving behaviour and foraging ecology of female southern
elephant seals from Patagonia. Aquatic Mammals 24(1): 1 - 11.
Costa,
D.P, D.E. Crocker, B. J. Le Boeuf. 1997. The effects
of low frequency sounds on pinnipeds.
In: Pinniped Populations, Eastern North Pacific: Status, Trends, and
Issues. (eds. G. Stone, J. Goebel, S. Webster). New England Aquarium and
Monterey Bay Aquarium, pp. 95 - 106.
Crocker,
D.E., B.J. Le Boeuf, and D.P. Costa. 1997. Drift
diving in female northern elephant seals: implications for food processing.
Canadian Journal of Zoology. 75: 27 - 39.
Costa,
D.P. and D.E. Crocker. 1996. Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean. In:
Foundations for Ecological Research West of the Antarctic Peninsula,Eds.R.
Ross, E. Hoffmann, and L. Quentin. Antartic Research
Series, Volume 70, American Geophysical Union, pp. 287 - 301.
Le Boeuf, B.J. and D.E. Crocker. 1996. Diving behavior
of northern elephant seals: implications for predator avoidance. In: Great
White Sharks, The Biology ofCarcharodon carcharias (eds. A. P. Klimley and
D.G. Ainley), Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 193
- 206.
Le Boeuf, B.J., P.A. Morris, S.B. Blackwell, D.E.
Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 1996. Diving behavior of juvenile northern elephant
seals. Canadian Journal Of Zoology. 74:1632 - 1644.
Campagna, C., B.J. Le Boeuf,
S.B. Blackwell, D.E. Crocker, and F. Quintana. 1995. Diving behavior and
foraging location of female southern elephant seals from Patagonia. Journal of
Zoology, London. 236: 55 -71.
Crocker,
D.E., B.J. Le Boeuf, Y. Naito, T. Asaga, and D.P. Costa. 1994. Swim speed and dive function
in a female northern elephant seal. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology,
Behavior, and Physiology. (eds. B.J. Le Boeuf and
R.M. Laws). University of California Press, Los Angeles. pp. 328 - 342.
Deutsch,
C.D., D.E. Crocker, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf.
1994. Sex and age related variation in reproductive effort in the northern
elephant seal. In: Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and
Physiology. (eds. B.J. Le Boeuf and R.M. Laws).
University of California Press, Los Angeles. pp. 169 -210.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.E. Crocker, S.B. Blackwell, P.A.
Morris, and P.H. Thorson. 1993. Sex differences in the diving and foraging
behavior of northern elephant seals. In: Recent Advances in Marine Mammal
Science. Symposium of the zoological Society of London. No.66: 149 - 178.
Le Boeuf, B.J., Y. Naito, T. Asaga,
D.E. Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 1992. Swim speed in a female northern elephant
seal: metabolic and foraging implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 70: 786
- 795.